一、检查本地docker环境

1.检查宿主机系统版本

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

2.检查docker版本

[root@docker ~]# docker -v
Docker version 20.10.18, build b40c2f6

二、创建一个测试httpd容器

1.创建测试目录

[root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /data/test
[root@docker ~]# cd /data/test/
[root@docker test]# 

2.创建httpd容器

docker run -d  --name web01 -p 82:80 -v /data/test/htdocs/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ httpd

3.查看容器状态

[root@docker test]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                         COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                                 NAMES
05d35ba971ad   httpd                         "httpd-foreground"       About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp, :::82->80/tcp                     web01

4.查看容器详细信息

[root@docker test]# docker inspect web01 
[{"Id": "05d35ba971ad78179a7ab7a93dfb4c59faeb5872152f03a897144f4e5040b7ee","Created": "2022-10-24T09:15:39.545943014Z","Path": "httpd-foreground","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 113766,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-10-24T09:15:39.826230552Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:dabbfbe0c57b6e5cd4bc089818d3f664acfad496dc741c9a501e72d15e803b34","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/05d35ba971ad78179a7ab7a93dfb4c59faeb5872152f03a897144f4e5040b7ee/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/05d35ba971ad78179a7ab7a93dfb4c59faeb5872152f03a897144f4e5040b7ee/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/05d35ba971ad78179a7ab7a93dfb4c59faeb5872152f03a897144f4e5040b7ee/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/05d35ba971ad78179a7ab7a93dfb4c59faeb5872152f03a897144f4e5040b7ee/05d35ba971ad78179a7ab7a93dfb4c59faeb5872152f03a897144f4e5040b7ee-json.log","Name": "/web01","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": ["/data/test/htdocs/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/"],"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {"80/tcp": [{"HostIp": "","HostPort": "82"}]},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97d6b86a78f355c15fb43d539fc284b60f464c0ee768d87a8e5cbe62e3a62626-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/76281b2c0491c38ccd64dc2c9164c58eefd014a7294117c4962515bf75419681/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1f4f0f5f0c604cca28ad955db0b19c04f93026468448ca98f43f4eeaa69b4186/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/47f840069670e495b72b41d3aba5e0ed52346af2da30c4b9accc0b9866d9e3f9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e1042193e6b8e7fefe86fc987757ee0a9c7d1f297db466e08af143ead1095138/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4649e6ac724d477b2fe8db2da934d572eaaaa946a847936794b506edf8b0c87d/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97d6b86a78f355c15fb43d539fc284b60f464c0ee768d87a8e5cbe62e3a62626/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97d6b86a78f355c15fb43d539fc284b60f464c0ee768d87a8e5cbe62e3a62626/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/97d6b86a78f355c15fb43d539fc284b60f464c0ee768d87a8e5cbe62e3a62626/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/data/test/htdocs","Destination": "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"}],"Config": {"Hostname": "05d35ba971ad","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"ExposedPorts": {"80/tcp": {}},"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin","HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2","HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.52","HTTPD_SHA256=0127f7dc497e9983e9c51474bed75e45607f2f870a7675a86dc90af6d572f5c9","HTTPD_PATCHES="],"Cmd": ["httpd-foreground"],"Image": "httpd","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {},"StopSignal": "SIGWINCH"},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "99696b43e61670fc9f98c0d84d6da281fe4db3ec52dc5210895014dbe4ca69a4","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {"80/tcp": [{"HostIp": "0.0.0.0","HostPort": "82"},{"HostIp": "::","HostPort": "82"}]},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/99696b43e616","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "276ea4df3a145005646c1f457c57ad47ab3e367cc6a2c15ce78bc2b0a198b25d","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "49542796523d70c8ccea7b297c45542ee4b5f30be2d9e1420cdf9ea57c5864fe","EndpointID": "276ea4df3a145005646c1f457c57ad47ab3e367cc6a2c15ce78bc2b0a198b25d","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

三、宿主机目录内更新文件，验证容器内读取

1.进入容器宿主机挂载目录

[root@docker test]# pwd
/data/test
[root@docker test]# cd htdocs/
[root@docker htdocs]# ls
[root@docker htdocs]# 

2.新建index.html文件

echo "Docker technology plays an important role in today's society." > index.html

3.查看容器内index.html

[root@docker htdocs]# docker exec -it web01 /bin/bash
root@05d35ba971ad:/usr/local/apache2# ls
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs	modules
root@05d35ba971ad:/usr/local/apache2# cd htdocs/
root@05d35ba971ad:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs# ls
index.html
root@05d35ba971ad:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs# cat index.html 
Docker technology plays an important role in today's society.

四、删除测试容器，查看宿主机index.heml

[root@docker htdocs]# docker stop web01 
web01
[root@docker htdocs]# docker rm  web01 
web01
[root@docker htdocs]# ls
index.html
[root@docker htdocs]# cat index.html 
Docker technology plays an important role in today's society.

五、容器的数据卷管理

1.再次运行测试容器

[root@docker htdocs]# docker run -d  --name web02 -p 85:80 -v /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/  httpd
f028c9fbcddb186dd616a5bf7990378abc9f492e9275f0f5b587ef60a30145e3

2.查看容器默认挂载的数据卷

[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect web02  |grep Mounts -A5"Mounts": [{"Type": "volume","Name": "3b1eab4eb072a43375068c8ff534028de2a7f6dd6aeceb60c0d1584c4bc046a6","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/3b1eab4eb072a43375068c8ff534028de2a7f6dd6aeceb60c0d1584c4bc046a6/_data","Destination": "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs",

3.进入容器内编辑index.html内容

[root@docker htdocs]# docker exec -it web02  /bin/bash
root@f028c9fbcddb:/usr/local/apache2# ls
bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs	modules
root@f028c9fbcddb:/usr/local/apache2# cd htdocs/
root@f028c9fbcddb:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs# echo "Docker technology plays an important role in today's society." > index.html
root@f028c9fbcddb:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs# 

4.宿主机访问内容

[root@docker htdocs]# curl 127.0.0.1:85
Docker technology plays an important role in today's society.

5.在宿主机默认挂载卷检查index.html

[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect web02  |grep Mounts -A5"Mounts": [{"Type": "volume","Name": "3b1eab4eb072a43375068c8ff534028de2a7f6dd6aeceb60c0d1584c4bc046a6","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/3b1eab4eb072a43375068c8ff534028de2a7f6dd6aeceb60c0d1584c4bc046a6/_data","Destination": "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs",
[root@docker htdocs]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/3b1eab4eb072a43375068c8ff534028de2a7f6dd6aeceb60c0d1584c4bc046a6/_data
[root@docker _data]# ls
index.html
[root@docker _data]# cat index.html 
Docker technology plays an important role in today's society.

6.删除容器，验证数据持久化

[root@docker _data]# docker stop web02 
web02
[root@docker _data]# docker rm  web02 
web02
[root@docker _data]# ls
index.html
[root@docker _data]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes/3b1eab4eb072a43375068c8ff534028de2a7f6dd6aeceb60c0d1584c4bc046a6/_data
[root@docker _data]# cat index.html 
Docker technology plays an important role in today's society.

六、创建数据卷容器

1.创建一个数据卷容器test03

[root@docker htdocs]#  docker create --name test03 -v /data/test/htdocs:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs -v /other/tools/ busybox 
3aab455cee0bccd7776ed43bee1d083a4fb61275e7cfd8b63a3e0de9a9b6b9c5

2.查看数据卷容器详细信息

[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect test03 |grep Mounts -A16"Mounts": [{"Type": "volume","Name": "795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db/_data","Destination": "/other/tools","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": ""},{"Type": "bind","Source": "/data/test/htdocs","Destination": "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs","Mode": "","RW": true,
[root@docker htdocs]# 

七、创建test04测试容器

1.创建test04容器

[root@docker htdocs]#  docker run --name test04 -td -p 86:80 --volumes-from test03  busybox
cfde4db1ff755695a7b2f4c10e863c9fdf8e9a0f7f4a132d2fdd2fb0e4c497f8

2.检查test04容器的volume部分

[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect test04 |grep Mounts"Mounts": [
[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect test04 |grep Mounts -A16"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/data/test/htdocs","Destination": "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"},{"Type": "volume","Name": "795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db/_data","Destination": "/other/tools","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,

3.检查test04容器中index.html

[root@docker htdocs]# docker exec -it test04 /bin/bash
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: unable to start container process: exec: "/bin/bash": stat /bin/bash: no such file or directory: unknown
[root@docker htdocs]# docker exec -it test04 /bin/sh
/ # cat /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/index.html
Docker technology plays an important role in today's society.
/ # 

4.在test04容器挂载路径创建文件，验证宿主机路径信息

/ # cd /other/tools/
/other/tools # ls
/other/tools # echo "aa-test-out " > test.out
/other/tools # 

5.检查数据卷中的文件

[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect test04 |grep Mounts"Mounts": [
[root@docker htdocs]# docker inspect test04 |grep Mounts -A16"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/data/test/htdocs","Destination": "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"},{"Type": "volume","Name": "795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db/_data","Destination": "/other/tools","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,
[root@docker htdocs]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/795b0038d6092015781b524d85e95252326787f9e5db45b703666f3ca587c1db/_data
[root@docker _data]# ls
test.out
[root@docker _data]# cat test.out 
aa-test-out