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一、深度卷积神经网络模型结构

1：LeNet-5

LeNet-5卷积神经网络首先将输入图像进行了两次卷积与池化操作，然后是两次全连接层操作，最后使用Softmax分类器作为多分类输出，它对手写数字的识别十分有效，取得了超过人眼的识别精度，被应用于邮政编码和支票号码，但是它网络结构简单，难以处理复杂的图像分类问题

2：AlexNet

随着高效的并行计算处理器（GPU）的兴起，人们建立了更高效的卷积神经网络，它是一个8层的神经网络模型，包括5个卷积层以及响应的池化层，3个全连接层

3：ZF-Net 

它所使用的卷积神经网络结构是基于AlexNet进行了调整，主要的改进是把第一个卷积层的卷积核滤波器的尺寸从11×11更改为7×7大小，并且步长从4减小到2，这个改进使得输出特征图的尺寸增加到100×100，相当于增加了网络的宽度，可以保留更多的原始像素信息

 4：VGG-Net

VGG网络设计的原理是利用增加网络模型的深度来提高网络的性能，VGG网络的组成可以分为八个部分，包括五个卷积池化组合，两个全连接特征层和一个全连接分类层，每个卷积池化组合是由1-4个的卷积层进行串联所组成的，所有卷积层的卷积核的尺寸大小是3×3

5：GoogLeNet 

该网络模型的基本结构是利用Inception模块进行级联，在实现了扩大卷积神经网络的层数时，网络参数却得到了降低，这样可以对计算资源进行充分使用，使得算法的计算效率大大提高

6：ResNet

ResNet的主要思想就是在标准的前馈卷积网络中，加上一个绕过一些层的跳跃连接，每绕过一层就会产生出一个残差块，卷积层预测添加输入张量的残差。ResNet将网络层数提高到了152层，虽然大幅增加了网络的层数，却将训练更深层的神经网络的难度降低了，同时也显著提升了准确率。

二、ResNet图像识别分类实战 

项目结构如下

三、代码

部分代码如下 需要全部代码和数据集请点赞关注收藏后评论区留言私信~~~

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''ResNet50 model for Keras.# Reference:- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385)Adapted from code contributed by BigMoyan.
'''
from __future__ import print_functionimport numpy as np
import warningsfrom keras.layers import Input
from keras import layers
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.layers import Activation
from keras.layers import Flatten
from keras.layers import Conv2D
from keras.layers import MaxPooling2D
from keras.layers import GlobalMaxPooling2D
from keras.layers import ZeroPadding2D
from keras.layers import AveragePooling2D
from keras.layers import GlobalAveragePooling2D
from keras.layers import BatchNormalization
from keras.models import Model
from keras.preprocessing import image
import keras.backend as K
from keras.utils import layer_utils
from keras.utils.data_utils import get_file
from keras.applications.imagenet_utils import decode_predictions
from keras.applications.imagenet_utils import preprocess_input
from keras.applications.imagenet_utils import  obtain_input_shape
from keras.utils.layer_utils import get_source_inputs#要先去这里下载训练模型 没网搞不了
WEIGHTS_PATH = 'https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-models/releases/download/v0.2/resnet50_weights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels.h5'
WEIGHTS_PATH_NO_TOP = 'https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-models/releases/download/v0.2/resnet50_weights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels_notop.h5'#定义标识模块实现偏差函数
def identity_block(input_tensor, kernel_size, filters, stage, block):'''''描述:实现偏差单元参数 :  X – 输入数据k_stride – 卷积核步长k_size – 卷积核尺寸stage – 网络位置block – 图层名称返回值:X的激活结果'''filters1, filters2, filters3 = filtersif K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last':bn_axis = 3else:bn_axis = 1#定义偏差conv_name_base = 'res' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'bn_name_base = 'bn' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'#1 主要路径 卷积->池化->激活x = Conv2D(filters1, (1, 1), name=conv_name_base + '2a')(input_tensor)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '2a')(x)x = Activation('relu')(x)#2 主要路径 卷积->池化->激活x = Conv2D(filters2, kernel_size,padding='same', name=conv_name_base + '2b')(x)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '2b')(x)x = Activation('relu')(x)#3主要路径 卷积->池化x = Conv2D(filters3, (1, 1), name=conv_name_base + '2c')(x)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '2c')(x)x = layers.add([x, input_tensor])x = Activation('relu')(x)return x#定义卷积块以实现卷积操作
def conv_block(input_tensor, kernel_size, filters, stage, block, strides=(2, 2)):"""conv_block is the block that has a conv layer at shortcut描述：实现卷积操作参数 :  X – 输入数据k_stride – 卷积核步长k_size – 卷积核尺寸stage – 图层名block – 模块名stride – 与卷积核不同的步长返回值:    X -- X的卷积结果"""filters1, filters2, filters3 = filtersif K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last':bn_axis = 3else:bn_axis = 1conv_name_base = 'res' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'bn_name_base = 'bn' + str(stage) + block + '_branch'x = Conv2D(filters1, (1, 1), strides=strides,name=conv_name_base + '2a')(input_tensor)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '2a')(x)x = Activation('relu')(x)x = Conv2D(filters2, kernel_size, padding='same',name=conv_name_base + '2b')(x)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '2b')(x)x = Activation('relu')(x)x = Conv2D(filters3, (1, 1), name=conv_name_base + '2c')(x)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '2c')(x)shortcut = Conv2D(filters3, (1, 1), strides=strides,name=conv_name_base + '1')(input_tensor)shortcut = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name=bn_name_base + '1')(shortcut)x = layers.add([x, shortcut])x = Activation('relu')(x)return x#定义resNet50函数来设置resNet50网络
def ResNet50(include_top=True, weights='imagenet',input_tensor=None, input_shape=None,pooling=None,classes=1000):'''''描述 : 建立resNet50 网络参数 :  input_shape  -- 输入数据classes – 类的数目返回值 :模型—keras模型#将输入定义为具有形状的张量# RaisesValueError: in case of invalid argument for `weights`,or invalid input shape.'''if weights not in {'imagenet', None}:raise ValueError('The `weights` argument should be either ''`None` (random initialization) or `imagenet` ''(pre-training on ImageNet).')if weights == 'imagenet' and include_top and classes != 1000:raise ValueError('If using `weights` as imagenet with `include_top`'' as true, `classes` should be 1000')# Determine proper input shapeinput_shape = obtain_input_shape(input_shape,default_size=224,min_size=197,data_format=K.image_data_format(),require_flatten=include_top or weights)if input_tensor is None:img_input = Input(shape=input_shape)else:if not K.is_keras_tensor(input_tensor):img_input = Input(tensor=input_tensor, shape=input_shape)else:img_input = input_tensorif K.image_data_format() == 'channels_last':bn_axis = 3else:bn_axis = 1x = ZeroPadding2D((3, 3))(img_input)x = Conv2D(64, (7, 7), strides=(2, 2), name='conv1')(x)x = BatchNormalization(axis=bn_axis, name='bn_conv1')(x)x = Activation('relu')(x)x = MaxPooling2D((3, 3), strides=(2, 2))(x)x = conv_block(x, 3, [64, 64, 256], stage=2, block='a', strides=(1, 1))x = identity_block(x, 3, [64, 64, 256], stage=2, block='b')x = identity_block(x, 3, [64, 64, 256], stage=2, block='c')x = conv_block(x, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='a')x = identity_block(x, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='b')x = identity_block(x, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='c')x = identity_block(x, 3, [128, 128, 512], stage=3, block='d')x = conv_block(x, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='a')x = identity_block(x, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='b')x = identity_block(x, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='c')x = identity_block(x, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='d')x = identity_block(x, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='e')x = identity_block(x, 3, [256, 256, 1024], stage=4, block='f')x = conv_block(x, 3, [512, 512, 2048], stage=5, block='a')x = identity_block(x, 3, [512, 512, 2048], stage=5, block='b')x = identity_block(x, 3, [512, 512, 2048], stage=5, block='c')x = AveragePooling2D((7, 7), name='avg_pool')(x)if include_top:x = Flatten()(x)x = Dense(classes, activation='softmax', name='fc1000')(x)else:if pooling == 'avg':x = GlobalAveragePooling2D()(x)elif pooling == 'max':x = GlobalMaxPooling2D()(x)# Ensure that the model takes into account# any potential predecessors of `input_tensor`.if input_tensor is not None:inputs = get_source_inputs(input_tensor)else:inputs = img_input# Create model.model = Model(inputs, x, name='resnet50')# load weightsif weights == 'imagenet':if include_top:weights_path = get_file('resnet50_weights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels.h5',WEIGHTS_PATH,cache_subdir='models',md5_hash='a7b3fe01876f51b976af0dea6bc144eb')else:weights_path = get_file('resnet50_weights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels_notop.h5',WEIGHTS_PATH_NO_TOP,cache_subdir='models',md5_hash='a268eb855778b3df3c7506639542a6af')model.load_weights(weights_path)if K.backend() == 'theano':layer_utils.convert_all_kernels_in_model(model)if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':if include_top:maxpool = model.get_layer(name='avg_pool')shape = maxpool.output_shape[1:]dense = model.get_layer(name='fc1000')layer_utils.convert_dense_weights_data_format(dense, shape, 'chanmodel = ResNet50(include_top=True, weights='imagenet')im(img)x = np.expand_dims(x, axis=0)x = preprocess_input(x)print('Input image shape:', x.shape)preds = model.predict(x)print('Predicted:', decode_predictions(preds))

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